Strategic Marketing at Coca Cola

strategical mart at coca plant pot1.0 origin Background coca locoweed Company is cardinal of the leading manufacturers of sort potcapable in the whole human. coca plant green goddess was launched in May 1986 by Dr. John S. Pemberton in Atlanta Georgia. The name Coca green goddess was suggested by Dr. Pembertons bookkeeper, bounder Robinson. He reserved the name Coca Cola in the f scummying script that is intimately-known today. The Coca Cola is nigh important manufacturer, martplaceer, and distri merelyor of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, commwholey in the mankind, which ar used to produce nearly 500 beverage brands that make up for its wide portfolio. The trade which I shall be examine is the velvety imbibing food market in the UK, although I think its important that I consider the whole market including soft drinks and zippo drinks. This is because soft drinks and competency drinks atomic make sense 18 competing with other alcoholic mix er, (2008).This report leave contract on a cross instruction part of this market and I concord chosen the market leader for stimulant drinks, Coca Cola. I shall be examining merchandise planning process, and its activities and justifications. Also, merchandising environment is included, Internal audit, External audit, macro environment, and looking at the result with PESTLE, uprise Analysis (Internal strengths and weaknesses). Furthermore, It Includes Porters five forces and Ansoffs intercellular substance, BCG Matrix and other beams and techniques. At the end, I nonplus given three marketing options and recommended attempt after these bibliography.2.0 Strategic selling plan ProcessStrategic marketing is a process in which to develop a strategy to cope with competitors, identify market opportunities, develop and exploit crude products and services, allocate resources among marketing activities and design an appropriate organisational structure to ensure the performance desired is achieved. Corporate strategy is a process in which approach to future that charters examination of the original and anticipated factors associated with nodes and competitors and the firm itself, aligning policies, practices, and resources to realize that vision, (2010). Planning and plans argon dickens truly motley concepts. Planning refers to the process of underdeveloped a coherent plan, while the plan is the placeput from the process. A successful marketing campaign must incorporate strategic marketing planning. Strategic marketing planning is the process of researching a market and its environment to determine the target market. It involves determining what the target market wants and the types of messages that resonate with that audience. market placeing is one of the disclose elements in addition to other functions without which the conjunction cannot get success. Therefore, marketing planning is a habilitate of document in which details of action is gi ven to achieve the objects set by the management for a period of one or up to five course of instruction. It could be based on selling of any kind of product. Its very important to father a very aggressive plan if you are not an introducer of brisk product and still you want to grab the market, (2010).2.1 market Planning BenefitsMarketing plan comes through a long process, it starts from a single department and ends up to management decision, plan must be eternally deal easy to get wind for management to approved it and realize the facts of market strategies for what they want from customer. Coca Cola always makes a attractive marketing plan which always looks different from others, for now this marketing plan which is very supportive for the organisation is just because it meets the command of customer in a very smart way like they introduced a new Cherry nose candy facial expression which is they want to be market the product by new style which a customer attract and al so get some benefited for an organisation. If the plan is according to organisation and customer then it is easy to take decision for management.Plan should be slopped and productive for organization.Plan should be not so long time process and not to be very costly.Plan should be as per new techniques and 3D type as per new generation likePlan should be process after researchPlan should be shows new market prices, long life and skill full.If the plan is according to companies favour so there is no any chance that it could be rejected. Always approach will be positive to make the plan competitive and advance. Coca Cola always looks in those matter which are highly skilled, attractive and sincere with the organisation, to light upon the agreement for strategic plan for organization is a very important role for marketing department to extent their plans which are still are in favour of organisation and as before management like the approach to get always new marketing styles, the o utdo approach for management is that to produced their best efforts to capture the market because now a days there are so more competitors in the market if they lack in the advertisement or progress or introducing in new products then it could be easy for other competitors to overcome, (2010).Marketing Planning ProcessThere are ten stages of the Strategic Marketing Planning Process which are given bellow in tables.Table 1 The Marketing Planning Process peaksDescription decimal point 1 Mission StatementAt this stage the board establish a long-term vision for the association. This entails communicating a memorable statement easily dumb by employees and other expose stakeholders.Stage 2 Corporate ObjectivesAt Corporate Objectives the organisation setup the desired aim of profitability, demarcation boundaries, such(prenominal) as products/markets, facilities and coat of labour force and other corporate objectives, such as social responsibility, corporate delineation, stock mark et image, employer image, etc.Stage 3 Marketing AuditMarketing Audit is a structured review of your current marketing activities. It is a systematic review of all the outdoor(a) and internal factors that fix affected a companys commercial performance over a defined period.Stage 4 SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organisation and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors.Stage 5 AssumptionsAt this stage assumptions are do on the basis of marketing audit and swot analysis. Marketing manager must keep in mind it should not too broad.Stage 6 Marketing Objectives and StrategiesIn this stage the objectives and strategies relate to the companies products/services and brands and to the markets you currently/ propose to operate in. Objectives are about decid ing what you are offering (selling) and to whom. Strategies are about how you are going to achieve these things.Stage 7 Estimate Expected ResultsAt this stage to employ judgement, analogous experience, product line tests and so on. Also, to test out the feasibility of the objectives and strategies in terms of market tract, be, profits and so on.Stage 8 Identify Alternative Plans and MixesIn a strategic marketing plan, It is normally at this stage board identifies alternative plans and mixes are considered.Stage 9 BudgetThe budget is the process of documenting the expected costs of the proposed marketing plan. To justify all marketing expenditures from a zero base each year against the task that you wish to accomplish. In reality budgets are practically incremental, that is, they are based on what was spent in the previous year.Stage 10 First Year Detailed Implementation programThis may involve spending money on advertising, launching new products, interacting with potential new customers, opening new retail outlets etc. Its major function is to determine where the company is, where its wanted to go and how it can get there. It should be used as an aid to effective management, (McDonald 2006, p. 379-393).I have described all activities and justification in the Marketing Planning Process which are given bellow in table.Table 2 Activities and Justification in the Marketing Planning ProcessStageActivitiesJustificationStage 1 Mission StatementBoard meetingsObjectives discussionTarget of the companyMotivate employees and customersLack of motivation and outputIt gives the direction to the companyStage 2 Corporate ObjectivesFinancial forecastProvide long-term stabilityProfitability of the productsPredict financial forecastingOverall company operationsIt gives review policies and desired level of profitabilityStage 3 Marketing AuditMarketing environment objectivesPerform STEEPLE AnalysisCompetition and Market shareCompetitive advantagesExamine internal and externa l information and proceduresLife cycles for major products and for market segmentsPolicies and competitive advantages of other organisationStage 4 SWOT AnalysisTrend in the marketKnowledge of the businessValue added by competitorsSetting objectives and strategiesData CollectionFocusing internal and external key factors such as, internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats.A summary of reasons for good and bad performanceStage 5 AssumptionsGovernment policiesEconomic dataMajor competitors damage competitionIt is made on planning environmentPick the right market and sell the right productsIt emphasises on success factorsStage 6 Marketing Objectives and StrategiesSales promotion objectivesMarketing objectivesPricing objectivesAdvertising objectivesSocial responsibilityMarketing objectives and Strategies are made on marketing planAdvertising, pricing and promotion service levelsHighlight sales value, sales volume, percentage penetration of outletsStage 7 Esti mate Expected ResultsEmploy judgmentAnalogous experience athletic field testGap analysis on actual and desired resultsTo test out the viability of market shareAt this level managers set the expected resultsStage 8 Identify Alternative Plans and MixesMotivate alternative strategiesPromote mixesManage the businessChoose the best tacticsUnderstand what market forms and what doesnt workFrom alternative plans managers select best suitable planStage 9 BudgetAdvertising cost and expensiveZero baseEmphasis on yearly marketing budgetSpend their budget more efficiently and effectivelyGet smart about market every year they are in businessBudget prepare by board of director and marketing managers.Stage 10 First Year Detailed Implementation ProgrammeCustomer plansSales promotion plansGoals are divided into sub goals.Market plans(McDonald 2006, p. 379-393)Target their primary customerFocus on achieving specific objectivesIn sub goals include pricing plans product plans, promotional plans and ma rket plans with objectivesThe External Market Audit and External Environment (Macro) AnalysisIn this section of the report, I have used some data, of tools and techniques that are relevant to Coca Colas current situation relevant examples. External environment is important to marketing decision making. Initially, I have shown data on market share and development of UKs soft drink markets.3.1 External AuditFor scanning external audit and external (macro) environment of Coca Cola I have used Porters five forces. In this part of report to scanning soft drink position in the UKs soft drink market dickens tables are given.Table 1 Market share in UK soft drink market in 2010Name of Brand% of market shareCoca Cola44Pepsi23Cadbury16Fruit Juice9.4Other Drinks8From the above table of UK soft drink market share in 2010, it is clear that Coca Cola is the market leader among competitors. Coca Cola hold 44% of soft drink market share whereas Pepsi is in the second position by holding just now 2 3% (2010).Table 2 market ripening in UK soft drink market in the midst of 2009 to 2010Name of Brand2009 (% of market share)2010 (% of market share)% of branchCoca Cola43441Pepsi2423-1Cadbury15161Fruit Juice99.40.04Other Drinks98-1From the above table we can see Coca Cola and Cadbury have the most significant growth rate by 1% in the last year and Pepsi and other drinks lose their share by -1%. Fruit Juice has only 0.04% growth in last year.For analysing external market in this part, I have given Porters (1985) five forces model which is given belowBarriers to Entry It involves magnificence of economy of scale, for example, a new Coca Cola drinks.Challenging with established brands, for example, Coca Cola, food Coke.High upfront capital costs or ratified requirements, for example, intellectual property harborion, factories etc.UKs soft drink market is established by some well known brands, such as, Pepsi, Cadbury, Fruit succus etc. It is very difficult to enter in this market b y other competitors.Coca Cola has a long history of heavy advertising and this has made it enormous amount of brand equity and fast(a) customers entire over the world.Substitutes It containsLarge numbers of substitutes, for example, coffee, beer, juices, water etc are available in the market for customers but it is countered by brand equity, huge advertising, and making their product easily available for customers.Coca Cola expand its business in the UK by offering substitutes it selves to protect Coca Cola from competition.Its products and services can be easily substituted with another type of product and service such as public transport being used instead of private transport.Buyer Power It consists ofLarge amount of buyers, for example, Wal-Mart or Tesco.Undifferentiated brands and low switching costs.As there are many soft drinks in the UK, so the bargaining power of buyer is extremely very high.Buyers ability to walk away or get an alternative, if buyer does not satisfied wit h our products or services he can get an alternative products or services.Supplier Power It includesSupplier does not depend on one or a small amount of buyers.Supplier product is necessary to buyer.In the UK, soft drinks bargaining power of supplier is low, as the market size is large so suppliers always want to keep contracts by providing low price.A large number of buyers but a small number of suppliers. to the highest degree of the times raw materials needed to pee concentrate are basic commodities, for example, colour, flavour, additives, sugar etc. Basically, these are the main commodities.Existing Competitors It computes the degree of competition between existing competitors. Rivalry will be higher ifIn the UK, there are a huge amount of similar sized companies, for example, Pepsi, Robina, Red son of a bitch etc.Competitors can lead to a dynamic periods of aggressive pricing and promotion in war for customers.Products and services are supposed as a commodity by consumers an d resulting in low switching cost for consumers.3.2 External (macro) Environment AnalysisPESTEL Analysis for external (macro) environment of Coca Cola. PESTEL Analysis undertaken to understand local, global factors influencing business and potential opportunity and threats. Here PESTEL analysis given bellow in a tableTable 1 PESTEL Analysis policy-makingEconomicalNational GovernmentRegulatory bodiesTrade AssociatesGovernment StabilityNewly IndustrialisedEmployment LawCritical Global Market all-important(a) governmental up to nowtsMarket StructureGovernment PolicyTaxationInterest RatesPersonal Saving RatesMoney SupplyInflation governing IncomeSocial-CulturalTechnologicalPopulation DemographicsCultureAttitudes to Work and LeisureCurrent IssuesIncome DistributionSocial MobilityLifestyle ChangesLevel of EducationProductsMaterials / ComponentsProcessesDistribution / Spending on exploreMarketing/AdministrationRates of ObsolescenceNew Discoveries / Developments / Product InnovationsLega lEnvironmentalCompetition LawHealth and SafetyEmployment LawNational and World LegislationTrading PoliciesRegulatory BodiesGlobal WarmingEnvironmental IssuesLocal and National IssuesCurrent and Future Environmental Legislative ChangesRecycling ConsiderationsSource http//www.slideshare.net/Jackieken/the-marketing-audit-download-pptPolitical Factors Coca Cola operates globally and their performance is influenced by the political stability and instability of these countries. There is currently political stability in the UK and Coca Cola business is flourishing, (2010).Economical Factors High inflation in any of the counties will cause the price of Coca Cola to rise and consumption of Coca Cola may fall. The UK economy is recovering from recession and employment level is rising people will consume more Coca Cola products, (2010).Social Factors Consumers in the different counties will have different taste and perception about Coca Cola. In the UK the brand is known for quality products a nd marketing it will be easier, (2010).Technological Factors The present environment is technological driven and the need for dynamic development. Coca Cola has got experienced research and development (RD) team who find out new technologies to improve productivity, (2010).Legal Factors The Coca Cola Company gets all the rights applicable in the nature of their business and every invention and product developments are always going into the copyright process, (2010).Environmental Factors According to the data of the Coca Cola Company, all the services are strictly approved according to the environmental laws inflicted by the government, (2010).3.3 Changes in the External (Macro) EnvironmentThe Coca Cola Company has faced many changes in the external environment that have changed the management of the company. During the World War II, the Coca Cola was able to continue the position of the company, at the same time. The Coca Cola was able to enter fresh markets despite of the environme nt. The company turned out to be more aggressive through supplying free drinks for the GIs in the World War II. During this the corporation was able to hit two birds at one stone. First, because the carbonated drinks sent by the company, it became a loyal symbol by the United States soldiers in which guided to consumer loyalty. Second, the Coca Cola was able to get benefit of the situation and determined the product in newly occupied countries by the Helper forces and due to the company created plants in different locations in the whole World paving the method for its post war expansion.Another thing is that, the external environment is the change of flavour and believes of the consumers. In the mid-1980s where the Americans favoured the sweet flavour of the competitor product, the company made its complement but it turned into a commercial failure. Coca Cola changed its management strategy and restored the old formula, and just changed its name, such as, Coca Cola Classic. After th at Coca Cola got its position again and it released latest versions of Coke that address the necessarily of these kinds of customers, These products are included by Diet Coke and Coca Cola Zero.According to Bool, (2008) companies, for example, Coca Cola is necessary to change due to trends that have a huge impact on its business another trend is health and fitness. Many people are spending extra money on their health In addition, Coca Cola launched its new products which are a calorie burning soft drinks, such as, Enviga, Diet Coke, Coca-Cola Zero, and Coke. Furthermore, Coca Cola is working together with the Swiss company Nestle. Coca Cola is contracting with innovation and change. For the duration of the Asian Financial Crisis, Coca Cola was also prompted to change its courses of management in that specific region. The responses and reactions of Coca Cola with the external environment are its internal changes.Organisational Change Management This theory presents a general process for managing the change in the side of the people at an organisational level (Kotter, 1996). According to Hiatt and Creasey, the organisational change management is contains three stages, which are, preparing for change, managing change and reinforcing change. The theory of organisational change management was efficiently used by Coca Cola. Various managers in different branches of the World have operated organisational change management in order to address the matters that the Coca Cola faced. According to the current stage, the main emphasis of the Coca-Cola is to get the needs of their consumers with outstanding product developing and product distribution. Coca Colas change management is very weak since Coca Cola forecasted that there are a number of marketing challenges in the near future that they have to face.3.4 Internal Audit (SWOT Analysis Strengths and Weaknesses Analysis of Coca Cola)This part of report provides information about current and previous years profit and los s news report data, market share data, performance graph which have indicated internal or operational strengths and weaknesses of current marketing strategy and BCG Matrix.Table 1 Profit and Loss AccountYear ended 31, December2010(millions)2009(millions)2008(millions)Net operating revenues21,959 ($35,119)19,377 ($30,990)19,974 ($31,944)Gross profit14,022 ($22,426)12,011 ($19,209)12,862 ($20,570)Operating income5,283 ($8,449)5,146 ($8,231)5,281 ($8,446)Income before taxes8,906 ($14,243)5,593 ($8,946)4,693 ($7,506)Profit after tax7,415 ($11,859)4,318 ($6,906)3,673 ($5,874)Source http//www.thecoca-colacompany.com/investors/pdfs/form_10K_2010.pdfProfit and loss account indicates operational excellence of current marketing strengths. We see a consistent growth in the profit margin. In 2009 profit after tax was 4,318 and in 2010 it became 7,415. It is increased by 3,097 million pounds in a year.Market share of UKs soft drinks Analysing market share of UK soft drinks, it is clear that Coc a Cola is the market leader by getting 44% of total market.The comparative positioning of Coca Colas market share with respect to other leading players in the market has been illustrated as follows, (2010).Figure 1 Coca Cola and other competitors Market piece of groundPerformance Graph Performance graph of Coca Cola and Pepsi over the last five years can be summarised with the help of growth in following key indicators, (2010).Figure 2 Coca Cola Last Five Years Market GrowthThis graph clearly shows that Coca Cola in 2006, it was slight increase in profit margin but in 2007 it was slightly decrease. From 2008 to 2010 market growth of Coca Cola was increase year by year.Internal Strengths of Current Marketing StrategyCoca-Cola has been an intricate part of American culture for over a century. The products image is laden with sentimentality, and this is an image many people have taken deeply to heart.Coca Cola is a very recognizable firm. Its products/brands are available everywhere in the World. Its popularity is one of greater strength is virtuallyincomparable.Coca Cola deals with huge amounts of money every year. Similarly, whole businesses they have had their ups and downs monetarily, but Coca Cola has done very well in this section and Coca Cola will go on to do well and make check than its competitors (Pepsi). The money they are earning, it is significantly better than most beverage companies (competitors), they use into their own company so that they can get well, (2010).Everybody is knownvery well Coca Cola in the World. Its image is displayed on hats, collectible memorabilia and t-shirts. There is no doubt,no beverage firm (competitor) compares to Coca Colas social popularity status. And this extremely recognizable branding is one of Coca-Colas greatest strengths, (2010).Even though, Coca Cola controls almost 44% of the whole drinks market, the changing health-consciousness attitude of the market could have a serious effect on Coca Cola.In addition, a ccording to Bettman (1998), Coca-Colas bottling system is one of their greatest strengths. It allows them to conduct business on a global scale while at the same time suffer a local approach. The bottling companies are locally owned and managed by independent business people who are authorized to sell products of the Coca-Cola Company. Because, Coke does not have outright ownership of its bottling network, its main source of revenue is the sale of concentrate to its bottlers, (2010).Internal Weaknesses of Current Marketing StrategyCoca Cola has many weaknesses they need to be finished these weaknesses, if they want to increase the next level. Now a days, constant shift to health products, some products could probably lose customers. This fresh focus on weight and health might be a problem for the item that is labelled detrimental to your health, (2010).Coca-Cola has recently reported some declines in unit case volumes in Indonesia and Thailand due to reduced consumer purchasing pow er. According to an article in (Fortune magazine), in Japan, unit case sales fell 3% in the second quarter scary because of Japan produces around 5% of worldwide volume, it contributes three times as much to profits. Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Japan account for about 35% of Cokes volume and none of these markets are performing to expectation (Mclean, 1998).Word of mouth unluckily is something that is very difficult to control. Although, people would have their views, Coca Cola has to try to control their negative views. If bad views are extinguish to people who have yet to try Coca Cola products, after that could create lost of customers which shows why word of mouth is a weakness, (2010).Coca Cola produces many drinks, some are very popular such as, Coke, Diet Coke and Sprite but Coca Cola has approximately made 500 different types of brands, such as, carbonates, energy drinks, sports drinks, fruit juices, water etc. Most of them extraterrestrial being and rarely seen for available purchase. These drinks do not mostly taste bad, but are rather a result of low profile or nonexistent advertising, (2010).As we know, health is a significant matter in 21st century. Coke have high level of sugar and caffeine content.Boston Consulting meeting Matrix (BCG Matrix)The BCG matrix method is the theory to determine list of priorities that should be given in the product portfolio of a business unit. There are two dimensions should be analyzed in the implementation of this method market share and market growth. There are four characters in this diagram represent four categories of products in companys portfolio, which are given bellow.Stars It represents the products that have a high market growth and high market share. Products in this row usually need a fairly high cost in the process of development. For example, Coca Colas bottled water (Dasani).Question Marks It represents the products that have a high market growth and low market share. In this mob, produc ts have the worst cash characteristics because they have high level of the demand but low returns because of their low market share. For example, Coca Colas energy drink brand (Full Throttle).Cash Cows Cash cows represent the products that have low market growth and high market share. In this class products should have huge level of profits and cash generation. In order to achieve that result, company should keep their level of investment low because the market growth for these products also low. Such as, namesakes soft drink (Coca-Cola).Dogs Dogs represent the products that have low market growth as well as market share. Products in this category will absorb a lot of cash but low level of returns because low provided market share and weak market growth. For example, sweetened juice drinks (Hi-C), (2010).Coca Cola would use income from Coke to invest their generally in Dasani and Full Throttle, whereas, looking to sell off Hi-C to some private equity gunstock with huge amount of c ash on its hands. It is able to standard product life cycle tends to have five stages which are given bellow.DevelopmentIntroductionGrowthMaturityDeclineAs a result, Coca-Cola is presently in the maturity stage, which is evidenced mainly by the fact that they have a large, loyal group of stable consumers. In addition, cost management, product differentiation and marketing contain more important as growth slows and market share becomes the key determinant of profitability. In international markets the product life cycle is in more of a growth trend Cokes advantage in this section is primarily due to its establishment strong branding and it is now able to use this part of stable profitability to support financially the domestic Cola Wars, (2010).4.0 Ansoffs MatrixThis Matrix was developed by Igor Ansoff it is one of the most well known frameworks for deciding upon strategies for growth. It is a tool that helps the company to decide their product and market growth strategy. It is deter mined by two scopes of option which are products and markets. It consists of market penetration, product development, market development and diversification.Market Penetration Selling more of an existing product to an existing market. It is going deeper into a market, such as, coke and diet coke. Coca Cola in UK is doing market penetration through the selling its products to the business buyers and retailers who are huge multinational organizations like Tesco, Asda, McDonalds, Subway, KFC and many more.Market Development Selling an existing product in a new market, for example, taking out various bottle sizes to attract different buyers. It is called market development. Many flavours of Coca Cola are not being sold in every shop, retailer market and other business buyers. Coca Cola can develop a new market if they introduce those flavours in their market.Product Development Selling a new product to an existing mark