Disposal of Industrial Wastewater and Alternatives Essay

Disposal of Industrial Wastewater and Alternatives - Essay Example It is not surprising to meet industrial sewer water spilling on the surface. Notably, no one seems to see the impact that the industrial sewer water has to the society. Water serves the society in almost all aspects. Arguably, industrial functions, domestic functions, and environmental functions require water. This certainly means that all process in both environmental setup and industrial set up require water. It is right, therefore, to argue that water is the source of human livelihood. That well said, environmentalists argue in favor of processes or activities that preserve sources of water. Constant awareness creation has acted in the recent past as a tool that used by the environmentalists to enlighten the society about the consciousness in preserving nature. On the other hand, development conscious think tanks work proposals that aim at creating more opportunity that would lead to development.   Industrialization and activities relating to it have often featured in their-ever-changing- development agenda. Industrialists site a number of reasons that support their course in the society. First, industrialization creates opportunities for the society such as employment. These opportunities promote the well-being of the society. Second, promoting industrialization ideology creates an opportunity for trade among countries or states. Trade brings products to the proximity of the consumers. What would happen when there is no trade? Would people be able to get products they need in the society? Holding social fabrics together entails a number of factors, which must promote the existence of people. Do we argue that environment has limited opportunities to offer to humankind? Probably not, but exhausting the opportunities in the environment would create a detrimental outcome to the society.

Grammy Nominees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Grammy Nominees - Essay Example The lyrics to this powerful melody are pleading, calming and contemplative. They are words the audience identifies with easily. The signature banjo beat adopted in the song gives it a developed alternative rock sound (Natasha, 1). The band remains true to their sound while capturing a wide fan base. The use of upbeat instruments creates hope for the rather sorrowful lyrics. This is especially appropriate as the song it titled, â€Å"I will wait†. Snoop Dog & Wiz Khalifa featuring Bruno Mars deliver â€Å"Young, Wild and Free† in a simplified manner that earns the song the top vote in the Rap category. The song contains one of the most catchy choruses of the year behind that of â€Å"We are Young† by Fun. Bruno Mars’ vocal infusion to the chorus softens the track. The collaborative effort between Wiz Khalifa and Snoop is blended, continuous and refined. The song is memorable beyond several hip hop songs. Miguel captures the attention of the world with his song â€Å"Adorn†. It gets the best R&B song as a result of its soulful feel. The song is intimate and sincere. The video delivers the songs most powerful elements alongside Miguel’s powerful voice. The song’s quality makes it a track that will remain relevant for several years to come. It elevates Miguel from an underdog R&B singer to a top performer. â€Å"Even if it Breaks your Heart† by Eli Young Band wins the Best Country Song. The track depicts the essence of optimism and resilience in failure. It is a great lesson for the audience. The track is well developed with great musical instruments and vocals. The winning point for the song is the poetic lyrics that pushes composition boundaries (Dukes, 1). The Best Gospel Song vote goes to Marvin Sapp with his song, â€Å"My Testimony†. It is an autobiographical account of the singer’s struggle with the death of his wife following a long battle with cancer. The song is soulful, hopeful and inspiring. The powerful lyrics captivate the listener

Studying Peter Hunts Motivation To Children English Literature Essay

Studying Peter Hunts Motivation To Children English Literature Essay Peter Hunt writes that some idea of a child or childhood motivates writers and determines both the form and content of what they write (2009a, p13). Prompting that an authors choice of book type and content stems from their image of the child they are writing for, elements of which come from their own ideology of society and childhood often shaped by their own lifestyles. It is arguable however if the authors idea of childhood is indeed their motivation or if there are other factors in their writing that point to an additional agenda. In considering Hunts statement we will see the changing childhood ideologies of Victorian and postmodern realism in Louisa May Alcotts, Little Women (1868), and Melvin Burgesss Junk (1996), and also the differing concept of childhood in fantasy literature with Phil Pullmans, Northern Lights (2004). It is also significant to discover what constitutes the authors notion of childhood in their books, and if there are external elements which can shape the co ntent and form of childrens books such as mass marketing and the commodifying of children. Early childrens literature was highly didactic and as Zipes (2009) suggests even the earliest renderings of fairytales were designed to turn children into the type of adults their societies would prefer. Its First Golden Age from the later half of the nineteenth century introduced a change in how we viewed children, we began to celebrate the joys of childhood, (Carpenter, 2009) the most notable books entertained and also gave their readers a sense of empowerment and individuality. An example of such a novel is Louisa May Alcotts Little Women, following the narrative tradition of domestic and informative stories for girls such as Sarah Fieldings The Governess (1749), and ostensibly remaining within the conservative restrictions of her era, Alcott presents the contemporary life of four sisters growing up during the American civil war. Her book, written as a request by her publisher to fill a niche in the market, is to all appearances moralistic and patriarchal. The title, as phrased by the childrens father little women'(Alcott,1868, p12)  [1]  exemplifies the Victorian ideal of childhood, where children were seen as miniature adults and taught the puritan morals to be dutiful , obedient , hard-working and God-fearing (Styles,2009), puritan John Bunyans Pilgrims Progress(1678) is used extensively throughout the book . Little Womens third person omniscient narration is also in quite a condescending adult voice effecting to keep the March girls as children who need guidance, even when they mature, Amys lecture did Laurie good, though, of course, he did not own it till long afterward (LW, p384).The narrators frequent interjections with opinions and views guides the readers into making the required conclusions, thereby giving instruction to its girl readership on how to be good wives and mothers. Arguably however as Fetterley (2009) suggests there are statements within the novel that portray an undercurrent of ambivalence, showing Alcotts perhaps true feelings to opportunities available according to gender and class, depicted primarily in her portrayal of Jo an antagonistic of the submissive young girl of the times. Alcott herself was rather an oddity of her time, a spinster, woman activist and the family breadwinner, her motivation to write was often purely financial (Alderson, 2008). Accordingly Jo is often seen as based on Alcott, portrayed as a talented headstrong writer, Beths words You are the gull, Jo, strong and wild, fond of the storm and the wind, flying far out to sea, and happy all alone.'(LW, p361), echo Alcotts own lifestyle, yet could also be seen as advice to her girl readers to embrace their freedom, rather than their expected domesticity. Even the outwardly repressive marmee, and her ideas of marriage the sweetest chapter in the romance of womanhood (LW, p95), also states better be happy old maids than unhappy wives'(LW, p95). She also occasionally shows her ambivalence to her life, Mother isnt sick, only very tired, (LW, p 109), as Hannah their housemaid points out housekeeping aint no joke (LW, p109) and as Alcott is perhaps trying highlight, domesticity is not so wonderful a role to aspire to. Alcott quite understandably given her precincts denied any subversion in her novel yet it is arguable that it contains many instances of her own childhood. In her journal she recalls the daily drudgery and struggle of her mother as she strived to sustain her family while her father as in LW gave little help (Alderson, 2008). Alcott used the then accepted ideal of the quintessential patriarchal Victorian family childhood and her own family memories to give form and content to her book. The March girls are lost in their own wonderful family plays and games, a loving safe playful family unit that nurtured and trained the child, giving much needed stability to a society shaken by war. This was not however Alcotts only motivation, she disliked her own novel as she says I do not enjoy writing moral tales for the you ng, I do it because it pays well (Alcott cited in Alderson, 2008, pxxiii), and her covert messages of rebellion, portray distaste in the directives which shape the young, especially girls, to be compliant adults. Her novel is also motivated and shaped by her social stance on opportunities available to the gender, class and race of her time, Little Women represents childhood as preparing for future roles, yet covertly it also uses its representation with the potential to disturb societal expectations. Over a century later Melvin Burgess again fills a publisher recognised niche in the teenage market also focusing on the adolescent experience, Junk is unrestrained from nineteenth century conservatism in its graphic depiction of the fall of two runaways into prostitution and drugs. Burgess states children or young people should read about their lives not idealistically but as they really are, his characters are not invented but based on his memories of real people, he also does not preach to his readers yet allows them to evolve their own conclusions, (Burgess, 2009). It has been said Junk neither glamorises nor demonises drug addiction (Falconer, 2009, p375), yet Junk conceals a strong sense of morality within its text, its principles obscured so the book appears to be non didactic or opinionated and so appeal to Burgesses idea of the modern teenager. Junks individual character narration lends to a documentary style of neutrality, yet textual guides bring the reader to the required conclusions, as Tar says If you dont mind not reaching twenty theres no argument against heroin, is there?'(Burgess, 1996, p166)  [2]  , Gemma is the spoilt little runaway child How do you think her parents feel? asked Vonny. They were just keeping her in. Its not like Tar is it?'(Junk, p75). The events have a moralistic ending, Gemma recognises they have all been deceiving themselves and condemns them all to their fate; her own is to be a single mother. Such reality based writing lends itself as Tucker(2009) says to the authors belief that childhood is primarily a transitional stage leading to adulthood giving readers the truth is seen as providing them with an important aid to their own eventual better understanding of themselves and others (p190). Junk follows this form well, Burgess gives his child readers autonomy in interpretation, viewing them not as innocents, but inexperienced young people, who need empowerment and guidance to make the right decisions. As we have seen i t is impossible to read Junk and come out defending heroin or the runaway, it could be said that Burgess brings Alcotts moral tale for the young into todays modern world. Yet in challenging the ideology of the innocent child, Junks view of childhood is at the opposite end of the spectrum to that of Little Women, he dispels the nostalgic innocence critics connect with childhood. His explicitness Lily said, Ive been a little prossie for half an hour (Junk, p158) foregrounds how altering conceptions of the childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦can cause both controversy and anxiety among consumers (Squires, 2009, p189), leading to Burgess having to defend his authorial intent over the charge of sensationalism. In response to criticism from Anne Fines, and defending the explicit nature of his books, Burgess says Underneath Annes whole article is that same nasty sneer I remember from when I was small How revolting. Arent you a dirty little boy? the same attitude which was exactly what made me want to write the thing in the first place (Burgess, 2004). It could then be suggested that part of his motivation was indeed to rebel against as he calls it the moral majority (Burg ess, 2009, p317), and stretch the boundaries of appropriate childhood reading matter. Nevertheless saying that drugs and underage sex are what teenagers want to read about could perhaps show that Burgess himself has a distorted idea of todays childhood. An idea he needed to uphold in order to construct his model of the non-reading (conceivably moronic) teenager and defend the sensationalism of his novel, he is perhaps modelling his child to suit the aspirations of his book. Junks content worked as a hook for his teenage audience and also generated him much publicity, conceivably showing another aspect of his motivation, content and form set to shock the critics, produce an outcry and gain him notoriety, all in addition to providing teenagers realistic age related literature. His post modern realism , takes the assumption that children are not innocent, but they still need guidance, also that in order to connect with todays child , this guidance must be hidden allowing the reader per ceived autonomy in their decisions. Burgess also shows a sad irony in the loss of childhood, Gemma wanted a slice of life'(Junk, p161) but could only find this in leaving home, unlike the March girls, in Junk childhood was something to be quickly left behind in order to really live. An authors understanding of childhood as Hunt says can influence the form of their writing , those who see childhood more as an end to itself may prefer literature that is clearly more fantasy based (Tucker, 2009, p190). Phil Pullmans Northern Lights conforms to this ideology using a fantasy world to rewrite the biblical story of creation. Eighteenth century philosopher Rousseau stated that Nature wants children to be children before they are men (Jenks, cited in Hunt, 2009, p23), he believed childhood should be a time of innocence , with children allowed to grow at their own pace not forced into civilisation. Pullmans similar view on childhood freedom is apparent in Northern Lights , Lyra is safe and happy in the freedom of Jordon College, What she liked best was clambering over the college roofs'(Pullman, 2004, p36)  [3]  , as she grows her freedom is stifled by the intervention of her mother, state and church . Poet William Blake also used Rousseaus concept of natural innocence, corrupted by adult intervention, and Pullman uses Blakes contraries and commentary on Miltons Paradise Lost to reverse the morality of the biblical fall to celebrate knowledge (Squires, 2009, p278). He advocates the co-existence of good and evil (body and soul) and free will, which the church refuses to, acknowledge (Bird, 2009, p264). As such Northern Lights, casts an unfavourable light on how religious fundamentalism suppresses knowledge, the Magisterium symbolising the church is shown as repression and death, killing the children whose souls or daemons it removes as it endeavors to preserve innocence all that happens is a little cut, and then everythings peaceful .For Ever!at the age we call pubertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦daemons bring all sorts of troublesome thoughts and feelings (NL, p283). Pullmans idea of the child is shown in Lyra, her innocence and freedom of mind give her the ability, unlike adults, to easily read the alethiometer, Lyras childlike state'(Squires,2009, p281) when reading makes her feel like a young bird learning to fly'(NL, p152). Which is a suitable metaphor for how she represents Pullmans main concepts of innocence and experience, seeing similar attributes in young people giving them the ability to deal with significant issues free from outside influence; as he says he hopes that young readers will finish à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦having gained the understanding that trusting ones own thoughts and feelings is an essential part of self-discovery and growing up (Travis, 2010). Through his use of the fantasy form Pullman is able to transgress difficult subject areas normally out of bounds within a childrens book, capturing his young readers imaginations while keeping the stark realities of his metaphors at bay. He insists on realism and the real implications of his fantasy stories (Wood, 2009, p274), exhorting his readers to take an activist role in creating the world that they want. So saying If I write fantasy, its only because by using the mechanisms of fantasy I can say something a little more vividly about, for example the business of growing up (Rustin and Rustin , 2003 ,cited in Montgomery, 2009, p255). Within Northern Lights, Pullman shows Lyras growth from innocence, he demonstrates the malleability of childhood with the changing form of the childrens daemons that represent their character , which set at puberty into the type of person they are, for example he was a servant , so she [the daemon] , was a dog (NL, p7). Pullman promotes childhood as an innocent time when children are impressionable and make the important decisions that mould their moral fibre, he follows the traditional pattern of childhood freedom, as seen in the like of Ransomes Swallows and Amazons() as the children create their own idyllic morally responsible world (Squires, 2009, p282). Northern Lights uses the Magisterium to establish anti-religious ideology and shows the infallibility of religion in that Lyras saviours are those marginalised and demonised by society; the non religious gyptians (gypsies), risk all to rescue the children, and the witches save their lives in the final battle. Such radical views may seem better placed in adult literature yet as Reynolds (2009) informs avoiding cultural spotlight is one reason why writers may find themselves drawn to write for children (p109). Pullman may be using childrens literature as a vehicle to publicly air his opinions on religious fundamentalism safely hidden within childrens fantasy, to a less judgmental audience. It could be that Pullman simply finds this medium more liberating; however Northern Lights also manipulates its readers opinions in line with Pullmans, ultimately, as with Junks evils of heroin, the reader cannot fail to see the Magisterium as the evil villain. Pullmans use of fantasy fiction proves he can more succinctly air his own opinions, and he could be seen as using the medium of childrens literature in the same way. As he states there are some themes, some subjects too large for adult fiction; they can only be dealt with adequately in a childrens book (Pullman, cited in Falconer, 2009, p378). His view on how we underestimate the potential of the young in order to maintain our own nostalgic view of childhood has certainly shaped the form and content of his book. Reynolds (2009) informs that childhood is a time to negotiate and find a place in society, yet more so with Northern Lights it is also about developing individual potential suited to a future in which societies could be different in some significant ways'(p100). It could perhaps then also be said that Alcott, Burgess and Pullmans motivation to write for children is also their aspiration to create a better society, So Lyra and her daemon turned away from the world they were born in, and looked towards the sun, and walked into the sky (NL, 397). As authors draw on their ideals to write for their audience, it is the book publishers who set the market trends and decide what children would like to read and subsequently influence what an author writes, an area touched upon with LW and Junk. Twenty first century novels show a commodification of childrens literature (Squires, 2009), in which we also see the decline of the individual author with publishers such as Working Partners, where a storyline is created by a conglomerate of author /editors then given to a writer to create the book (EA300, DVD2). Thus providing a quick turnaround and commercial sense but little scope for individual ingenuity and signifying that as Hunt (2009b) says, the cart of marketing, is driving the horse of creativity (p81). A further consideration on external influence is the competition from digital media, which as Burgess (2009) says also has a great impact on what children are exposed to, compounding the difficulty in producing literature that appeal s to the modern child ,a fact he uses to support his hard hitting realism. Childrens literature has been seen to catalogue social, economical and political changes, embolic of societys view of childhood (Hunt, 2009b, p71), a view set as the gate keeping adult world considers what children need to read, putting additional pressure for authors to produce the right book. In conclusion to Hunts statement, it would seem that in order to write a childrens book, the author must indeed have an idea of the child they are writing for, and this determines the form and content of their novel. Yet as we have seen they are also motivated by their own additional agendas, and this can lead to their constructed child being modified for their own purposes and also manipulated by the forces of modern media and marketing. This contributes to the complexity and often popularity of a novel that can then be read on many levels, Pullman could be seen as writing a religious allegory, propaganda or an adolescence adventure story. Authors still have their own view of what childhood should be, and incorporate this into how they believe it is or wish it to be seen. Our realistic view of the modern child is radically different from earlier popular books, such as Little Women, or Swallows and Amazons and as contemporary writers make efforts to loose the nostalgic view of childh ood innocence, there is also the concern that we are now ending childhood too soon, and as Jacqueline Wilson says forcing children to conform to societys teenage image (EA300, DVD2). Yet from Little Womens childish carefree plays to Junks depiction that children are now living real life adventures, we find that, as Lyra does, there is still always hope in childrens books. Childrens literature as Hunt (2009a) says shows what society thinks of childhood, and also what the author and we as adults need to believe it represents.

Reminders of Love Lost in Wraith of the Rose :: Wraith of the Rose Essays

Reminders of Love Lost in Wraith of the Rose Everyone has been hurt by loves sweet embrace. The memories that are left behind can haunt us everyday. The music, dreams, smells, a name, or a rose can strike up memories of ones love lost. But when love leaves you alone, the memories and the ghosts of love are never gone. There is always something to trigger thoughs memories bad or good. Something that needs to be known about the poem is that it was written impromptu in a visiting card. The Wraith of the Rose by Frances Sargent Locke Osgood is a poem of how a ghost of a rose reminds her of a life that she loved. The word wraith means; 1) the ghost of a dead person (or a dead rose) or 2) something shadowy and insubstantial. The line near the beginning of the poem "Long since Love's rose, it's perfume, shed," shows how that Love's rose is long since died. The fragrant aroma and its pedals are gone. Nothing that can be touched the rose is nothing but a memory. She has focused on a rose that reminds her of Love. By reading this poem closely the word LOVE in the poem is a persons name. In both lines of the poem Love is capitalized which leads the reader to assume it is someone's name. Like in the line above how it is written that "Love's rose," this leads me to understand that she is identifying the rose that was given to her by someone named Love. This is one of the main ways that the author remembers Love is by the rose that was given to her by him. The main line that directs the poems feelings is "The wraith of Love's sweet Rose is here, It haunts me everywhere! ". The ghost of "Love's sweet rose" is in my life and mind. The ghost of that rose is in my presents and is with her everywhere she goes. Osgood wishes that she kept the rose to remind her of Love's life. All that she has to hold onto is the memory (ghost) of that lovely rose that was given to her by Love. The rose was the last found token that was given to her by Love.

Intuitionism

UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA. DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AN ASSIGNMENT ON: THE THEORY OF INTUITIONISM A SEMINAR PRESENTATION IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF PHIL. 523 (MODERN ETHICAL SYSTEM) BY ABAH, GEORGE . O. (REV. FR. ) PG/MA/12/63875 LECTURER: DR. ENEH FEBRUARY, 2013 INTUITIONISM INTRODUCTION All the ethical theories imply some norm or standard of morality. They not only proclaim the fact that morality exists but also that there is some way of distinguishing the good from the evil, the right from the wrong. Ethical theories do not differ greatly in the actual codes of morality they adopt.The list of approved and disapproved acts, despite some glaring exceptions, is in general much the same. Where they differ most is in their reasons for the approval or disapproval, in the principles on which they base their judgments about morality, that is to say, in the norm or standard by which they judge morality. Intuitionism, which is our concern in this discussion, is one of these ethical theories. The theory, which is in agreement about the facts with other theories, parts ways from them about the reasons and or the routes to getting and judging the facts.Proponents of this theory think that we have a feel, a sense, an instinct, whatever one wants to call it, that immediately manifests to us what is good and what is evil in the moral sphere, and that this is basically the same in all of us. Our discussion below will unravel more on the teachings, history, and the criticisms for and against the theory. We shall as well attempt a summary and an evaluation of the concept before drawing our conclusions. THE CONCEPT OF INTUITIONISM Intuitionism is an ethical theory that teaches that moral knowledge is direct, immediate or intuitive.Making it clearer, Eneh (2001) states that â€Å"Intuitionism in ethics is the view that some moral judgments such as goodness, rightness, are known to be by immediate or uninferred knowledge†. Hence, moral actions of a sort could be known to either be right or wrong by an uninterrupted intuition of either their rightness or wrongness, the value of their consequences regardless. It is therefore the doctrine that there are moral truths discoverable by intuition; the doctrine that there is no single principle by which to resolve conflicts between intuited moral rules; the theory that ethical principles are known to be valid through intuition.Intuitionism is the meta-ethical doctrine claiming that moral principles, rules or judgments are clear and obvious truths that do not need to be supported by argumentation. Apart from this claim, intuitionism postulates a special faculty for the perception of right and wrong. The special faculty is distinct from the intellect. It is possible, the theory posits, to hold some direct, immediate, intuitive knowledge of morality without attributing such knowledge to any special faculty. The theory therefore reasons that any well-meaning person seems to have an immed iate sense of what is right and what is wrong.Many who have had hardly any opportunity for moral instruction do nevertheless have a basic moral awareness. The great value of moral instruction is to settle doubtful details, to supply one with cogent reasons, and to bring consistency into one’s moral convictions, but all this is not necessary for the formation of those convictions. Furthermore, the theory opines that people had moral ideas and convictions long before philosophers developed a formal study of ethics. The pre-philosophical knowledge of right and wrong was not reasoned out and logically criticized.It was therefore a spontaneous knowledge occurring to the mind without consciously directed reasoning, and hence it must come from some intuitive or insightful activity of the mind in recognizing the right and the wrong and discriminating between them. In the same light, our reasoning on moral matters, when we do use it, is subsequent and confirmatory to an initial direct perception of rightness or wrongness. We first see that the cause of action is right or wrong, as the case may be, and then look for reasons.If our reasoning leads to an answer contradictory to our spontaneous moral judgment, we tend to let the reasoning go and stick to our simple moral intuition, which we consider a surer guide than our elaborate arguments, whose very elaborateness can arouse a suspicion of rationalization. To cap it all, the theory of intuitionism teaches that our reasoning can go wrong on moral matters as easily as on other matters. Though invincible ignorance excuses, we cannot allow it to govern so large a share of our lives that our moral responsibility is on the verge of vanishing.We must have some way of deciding basic moral issues. That we cannot do so by reasoning, studying, and philosophizing is evident from the many contradictory schools of ethical thought. Therefore, we have to rely on some kind of moral instinct, insight or intuition, which can act as a sure guide. HISTORY OF THE THEORY OF INTUITIONISM Ethical Intuitionism was popular in the early twentieth century, particularly among British analytic philosophers. H. A. Prichard gave an early defense of the view in his â€Å"Does Moral Philosophy Rest on a Mistake? (1912), wherein he contended that moral philosophy rested chiefly on the desire to provide arguments starting from non-normative premises for the principles of obligation that we pre-philosophically accept, such as the principle that one ought to keep one's promises or that one ought not to steal. This is a mistake, Prichard argued, both because it is impossible to derive any statement about what one ought to do from statements not concerning obligation (even statements about what is good), and because there is no need to do so since common sense principles of moral bligation are self-evident. Prichard was influenced by G. E. Moore, whose Principia Ethica (1903) argued famously that goodness was an indefinable, non- natural property of which we had intuitive awareness. Moore originated the term â€Å"the naturalistic fallacy† to refer to the (alleged) error of confusing goodness with some natural property, and he deployed the Open Question Argument to show why this was an error. Unlike Prichard, Moore thought that one could derive principles of obligation from propositions about what is good.Ethical intuitionism suffered a dramatic fall from favor by the middle of the century, probably due in part to the influence of logical positivism, in part to the rising popularity of naturalism in philosophy, and in part to philosophical objections based on the phenomenon of widespread moral disagreement. Some recent work suggests the view may be enjoying a resurgence of interest in academic philosophy. Robert Audi is one of the main supporters of ethical intuitionism in our days. His 2005 book, The Good in the Right, claims to update and strengthen Rossian intuitionism and to develop the epistemolo gy of ethics.Michael Huemer's book Ethical Intuitionism (2005) also provides a recent defense of the view. Furthermore, authors writing on normative ethics often accept methodological intuitionism as they present allegedly obvious or intuitive examples or thought experiments as support for their theories. In all, Intuitionism as an ethical theory and a concept was introduced by George Edward Moore (1873-1958). It was he who projected the above ideas on intuitionism, and believed strongly that moral judgments were non-empirical – they are just â€Å"brute facts†.G. E. Moore was an intuitionist as we can see by his claim that we have the non-natural ability to observe moral properties. Moore believed that moral knowledge about particular values is much like sense knowledge, but this is not necessary to intuitionism. He claims that principles, rules, or judgments appeal to our sense of reasonableness, and that we cannot imagine them to be false. Why because we can’ t understand what it would be like for the statement to be false. Hence general principles are intuitive.CRITICISMS FOR INTUITIONISM The main advantage of intuitionism is that it is a simple philosophy positing simply for instance that â€Å"God is indefinable. † Moore said that â€Å"good† was like â€Å"yellow’, in that it cannot be broken down any further – â€Å"yellow† cannot be described in any other way than to say it is â€Å"yellow†. A â€Å"horse†, on the other hand, could be described as brown, large an animal and so on. The strength of intuitionism is that it appeals to the fact that some moral beliefs stand so firmly that they take on the look of data.That it is wrong to murder or to abuse a child seems truer than any widely accepted theory. The intuitionist labels such judgments as ‘intuitions’. And they certainly appear to be immediate judgments. We do not need to give reasons about them. Judgments about m urder and abuse are supported by basic moral principles and values. They have intuitive appeal, albeit, such judgments may arise because of socialized sympathy with others, or from basic moral education. CRITICISMS AGAINST INTUITIONISM Intuitionism, many observed, has a lot of difficulties and contradictions it show cases.In the first place, â€Å"Intuition† is Latin for â€Å"Insight†, â€Å"a looking in†, and therefore a very appropriate word for the direct activity of the intellect in grasping self-evident truths. But it has become associated with hunches, wild guesses, irrational inspirations, clairvoyance, and other fancies so lacking in scientific respectability as to give utterly the wrong impression. It should be clear that guesses and hunches are of no more value in the ethical sphere than in any other sphere. Also, we have no in-born set of moral rules with which we must compare our acts to see whether they are moral or not.There is no evidence for the existence of any innate ideas in the human mind, including ethical ideas. All our knowledge comes from experience, and our moral ideas are likewise derived from experience. We do not have any faculty, not even conscience that automatically flashes a warning signal as soon as we think of doing something wrong. If conscience seems to act in this way, it is nothing but habit, by which we have become accustomed through training to avoid actions of a certain kind and to judge them to be wrong.Such habitual action is quite different from instinctive action, and such judges need not be intuitive. Furthermore, an appeal to intuition has the disadvantage of being immune to objective criticism. One claims to see it, and no one proves that he or she does not; another claims not to see it, and no one can prove that he or she does. The two claims are not contradictory, for each reports only his or her own experience. Such intuitive knowledge, if it exists, can be of benefit only to the possesso r and cannot be used to convince anyone else.Unless most people testify to having the same intuitive (as does happen, for example, regarding sense experience), this sort of private knowledge lacks the universal character of scientific knowledge. Since there is no common agreement on moral intuitions, an appeal to intuitionism, each following a personal moral code privately discovered by personal insights. Moreover, those who find that they do not experience moral intuitions are either left without any ethics which obliged to live ethically, or are obliged to develop an ethical theory on other grounds.They have to judge both their ethical theory and the intuitionist theory on some basis other than intuition, which by hypothesis they themselves do not posses. The intuitionists, however, must either appeal to intuition to establish the truth of their own theory, thus convincing only themselves, or they must abandon intuition and resort to rational argument when it comes to establishing their theory. Either way shows the weakness of the method. EVALUATION Despite these and similar criticisms of an intuitionist ethics, we can still ask whether it is possible to remove all intuition from ethics.Certainly, we shall remove intuition in the sense of hunches and guesses, in the sense of a special faculty for the perception of morals, and in the sense of a direct apprehension of moral rules immediately applicable to particular actions. These illegitimate uses of intuition have tended to ruin the whole concept. However, there remains a legitimate use. Not all knowledge can be derived from previous knowledge. There must be some original knowledge, some primitive experience, and some immediate apprehension from which derived knowledge can originate. Thus, not all knowledge can be the result of a reasoning process.Premises are proved by previous premises and these by others still more previous, but the process cannot go on forever or nothing will ever be proved. Somewhere, o ne must come to a direct experience (and this is intuition in the original meaning of the term) or to some principle that cannot be proved and needs no proof because it is self-evident. In ethics, there are two particular areas in which we must appeal to such direct and underived knowledge: one is the kind of knowledge of morals people had before developing a scientific ethics, and the other is the first or basic moral principle on which scientific ethics rests.In other words, the development of ethics in history must have been preceded by an era in which people had ethical ideas that were not the result of reasoned proof, and even after they developed a scientific ethics, they still had to trace it back logically to some immediately known and underived principles for instance, connatural knowledge and first moral principles. Finally, if we are to hold on to the teachings of intuitionism, moral norms could be swept under the carpet since no standard rule stands to judge actions but subjective self-evident truths.We know of course by simple logic that â€Å"A† or â€Å"not A† can be true, but both cannot be true at the same time. Intuitionists hold that it is possible to prove â€Å"A† and â€Å"not A† as long as mental constructions can be built which prove each consistently. In this sense, proof in intuitionist reasoning is not concerned with proving whether or not â€Å"A† exists, but is instead defined by whether both â€Å"A† and â€Å"not A† can be coherently and consistently constructed as valid statements in the mind. This is against â€Å"the law of the excluded middle† which states that either â€Å"A† or â€Å"not A† can be true, but both cannot be true at the same time.If a person at one end operates on an intuition that stealing is good, and the other person at the other end stands on an intuition that stealing is bad. Intuitionists judge both actions as true at the same time sin ce their positions result from their self-evident â€Å"truths†. Such a proposition disposes a society to destruction. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Intuitionism in general holds that humans have direct, immediate, or intuitive knowledge of morality, with or without a special faculty. Reasons for intuitionism is that people can tell right from wrong studying ethics, se reasoning to confirm their spontaneous judgments, and reject arguments that contradict their basic moral convictions. Reasons against intuitionism spring from the fact that the word is too vague to be of much use. We have no innate moral ideas or principles; intuition would be a purely subjective experience and scientifically useless, and the intuitionist can convince no one but himself or herself. Nevertheless, there is a legitimate use for intuition in the sense of an intellectual acceptance of self-evident truths. REFERENCES Aristotle; Posterior Analytics, bk. 11, ch. 19; Metaphysics, bk. IV, ch. 4.Butler; Fifteen Sermons upon Human Nature, Sermons 11 and 111. Eneh, J. O. , War & Peace: Aspects of Practical Ethics, (Pub. By AFRANEDOH (Nig. ) LTD, Calabar) 2001. Hutcheson; Inquiry into the original of our ideas of Beauty and virtue, Treatise 11, sec. 1 http://en. wikipedia. org. wiki/intuitionsim http://www. philosophybasics. com/branchintuitionism. html#history Jill Graper Hernandez (ed. ). The New Intuitionism, Continuum 2011. Milton A. Gonsalves (ed. ) Fagothey’s Right and Reason, Ethics in Theory and Practice, (Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1985). St. Thomas; Summa Theologica, 1-11, q. 94, a. 2.

Policing in Angola

Abstract With a need to maintain order and protect the citizens, nations such as Angola are grappling with how to create and maintain a police force. This study assesses the strengths and weaknesses of using non-state police forces in a law keeping and enforcement capacity. The results of this study illustrate that there is a high potential for corruption, yet, the need for protection is greater than the possibility of abuse. This study will be of interest to any person delving into the strengths and weaknesses of a non-state policing solution. 1 Introduction The need to ensure the security of the ordinary citizens in the nation of Angola on a day to day basis has prompted the consideration of creating and applying non-state policing actors (Hallsworth et al., 2011; Baker, 2006). With too little money from the regional government given for a police force, outside actors including businesses, private citizens and foreign nations can be utilized as investors in order to provide the service of policing the community. Non-state police forces are often unregulated and have the potential to take on a wide variety of forms that will speak to the characteristics of the surrounding population (Wood et al., 2007; Gill, 1994). Yet, it is necessary to avoid varied forces including vigilante groups that seek their own goals to neighbourhood watches and instead seek to stabilize a community made up of equally varied members giving the population to find them working against the same mutual enemy. Violent crime as well as rampant civil rights abuses has continuously promoted the need for a policing force throughout Angola and the entire African continent (Johnston et al., 2003; Wood et al., 2007). Alongside the need to keep the peace is the inherent need of the underlying community to support the force and the policies resting behind the enforcement of the tenants of the region. What cannot be denied is that despite the potential for abuse, there is a need for a centred and recognizable police force, whether a state or non-state actor, in order to ensure that day to day activities that contribute to the long term health of the nation are attended to. This brief illustrates the pro and con arguments surrounding the non-state police agenda and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the system. 2 Non state policing in Angola2.1 Pro non state policingThere is several sound reasons that a government such as Angola’s would choose to create and implement a non-state policing force (Wood et al., 2007; Hallsworth et al., 2011). Ranking as the primary motivation is the need for community security that allows for day to day activities to progress without hindrance. Furthermore, this perception of cultural stability aids in the operation of the underlying and associated financial and consumer markets that are themselves integral to the stability of the state (Crank et al., 2007; Baker, 2010). With a law abiding citizenry comes the opportunity to build a sound financial base that allows the operation of external and internal projects. With high crime rates to blame for abuses against the most vulnerable of Angola, the absence of a police force allows the criminal element to come to the fore, which in turn is directly against the needs of the regional population to grow and p rosper (Hallsworth et al., 2011; Baker, 2006). Enforcement of the law is only one facet of any regions police force, making the need for a working unit critical to Angola (Johnston et al., 2003). Absent the taxpayer funds to establish and operate a working force, the non-state police option provides a method that can accomplish the goals of both the government and the consumer community. With a private force the tax payer does not typically feel the sting of payment that these forces need to remain relevant in the states interest (Gill, 1994; Baker, 2006). This element provides many opportunities for private investors to step forth and equip the non-state police force in a manner that some of the poorer nations, such as Angola, can only hope to afford. Furthermore, a key advantage of many outside or private police entities are the established outside contacts and expertise that is brought into the region as a result of the engagement (Crank et al., 2007; Baker, 2006). In many cases the skilled labour may not be present in the im mediate area, requiring the need to look to the outside community for better talent and resources. Another opportunity provided by the consideration of a non-state police force in Angola is the potential to transform relations with neighbour nations or allies by incorporating elements of their working infrastructure (Gill, 1994; Johnston et al., 2003). It is become more common of multinational police forces to work together towards a goal that serves to benefit the entire international outlook by ensuring the stability of the region. Furthermore, this form of non-state or shared policing builds bridges and understanding between enforcement departments that often have work across national and international borders in order to address the issue at hand (Hallsworth et al., 2011). In summary, the primary positives resting behind the non-state police force in Angola is the increase in talent, decrease in state funds spent and the opportunity to find international partners that will assist to maintain order in the long run.2.2 Against Non-state policingAs with any employee or outside agency, bringing in an outside police force to Angola, holds the potential to be abused and subverted to the interests of others (Hallsworth et al., 2011; Baker, 2010). Private interests often play a pivotal role in choosing, maintaining and implementing any form of non-state policing, making the persons behind the effort at once suspect and complicit in the case of corruption. Lending itself well to the spectre of corruption, non-state policing can have chilling impact on the target community by stifling business and community activities to the point that there is a visible loss of enthusiasm and production (Johnston et al., 2003; Wood et al., 2007). Furthermore, this perception o f public abuse on the part of the policing efforts contributes to criminal activity and unproductive behaviour on the part of the local population. A secondary concern when dealing with a non-state police force in Angola is the need for the organisation to properly understand the community that they are assigned to protect (Wood et al., 2007; Crank et al., 2007). Many times an outside operator will mistake a cultural element as a risk, which in turn may lead to an issue that should never have been created in the first place. Furthermore, the local populace may not hold a great deal of confidence in the outside force, which can become a substantial hindrance in the operation of day to day policing activities (Baker, 2002; Wood et al., 2007). If the community is not helpful many opportunities will be lost to the non-state police effort. Yet, this can many times turn into a private citizenry that expects special favours of the police force, leading to another issue that has the potential to lead to widespread abuse and corruption. The level of training and professionalism among these private forces can quickly become a liability in the effort to sustain a working police force (Johnston et al., 2003; Baker, 2002). With many forces seeking to cut corners and save money whenever possible, there is a real potential to provide a undertrained and ill equipped force that could possible cause more harm than good in the region. Furthermore, the less training provided to the force enhances the opportunity for corruption and the skewing of the original effort to protect the citizenry (Baker, 2010; Crank et al., 2007). Finally, with a force that relies on funding there is the real possibility for a rich person or outside organisation to negatively influence the operation of the police force, making the need for oversight both critical and expensive (Wood et al., 2007; Gill, 1994). In summary, the negative aspects of using a non-state police force include possible corruption, lack of training and the absence of cultural sensitivity that aids in conducting many day to day police centred operations. Furthermore, there is the very real opportunity for a well-funded outside entity to have a substantial impact on the operation of the police force, which in turn can produce a range of further negativity. 3 Conclusion The need to ensure the security of the ordinary citizen on a day to day basis throughout Angola has prompted the consideration of a non-state policing system. As this brief indicates, there is a need for a police force in order to create a sustainable and liveable condition in the nation of Angola. Yet, as the evidence insists, the presence of corruption and abuse is likely. However, the need for citizenry protection and stability outweighs the possibility of negative policy. It would seem possible for an Angolan effort to keep the policing force transparent would lead to a working force that benefits the population more than the special interests. Coupled with the reduction in overall state costs, the prospect of a working police force provides outside investors with a reason to hope for stability, thereby increasing the likelihood of investment which aids in the building Angolan infrastructure. In the end, no matter the negative potential, the evidence suggests that a non-state policing force offers more benefit than detriment, leading to the recommendation of creating and implementing a non-state policing force in the African nation of Angola. References Baker, B. (2002). Living with non-state policing in South Africa: the issues and dilemmas. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 40(01). Baker, B. (2006). The African post-conflict policing agenda in Sierra Leone. Conflict, Security & Development, 6(1), pp.25-49. Baker, B. (2010). Grasping the Nettle of Nonstate Policing. Journal of International Peacekeeping, 14(3-4), pp.276-300. Crank, J. and Giacomazzi, A. (2007). Areal policing and public perceptions in a non?urban setting: one size fits one. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 30(1), pp.108-131. Gill, P. (1994). Policing politics. London: F. Cass. Hallsworth, S. and Lea, J. (2011). Reconstructing Leviathan: Emerging contours of the security state.Theoretical Criminology, 15(2), pp.141-157. Johnston, L. and Shearing, C. (2003). Governing security. London: Routledge. Wood, J. and Shearing, C. (2007). Imagining security. Cullompton: Willan. ZIMBABWE: Security Sector Reform Deadlock. (2011). Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 48(7), pp.18921C-18923C.

buy custom The McDonald’s Store essay

buy custom The McDonald’s Store essay The McDonalds store sales burgers. Surely, they are excellent, that is why, people love them. However, it has come to the notice of the clients that the burgers sold at the McDonalds store contain a higher mean fat content which is very lethal to the people's health. This is a legitimate concern for the clients. As a result, burgers were taken at random in order to check their mean fat content in the laboratory. Data was collected, and the results were analyzed in order to be able to address a genuine concern of the customers to the McDonalds Burger store. This is very important as the McDonalds Burger store needs this information to develop and introduce its products and at the same time to satisfy their customers' demands. The McDonalds Burger store needs to do this so that it can be able to maintain its business as it is also no ready to lose its business to the competitors. That is the primary concern to the Mc Donalds business. On the other hand, the fat content level is importa nt to the clients because they will be able to know the amount of the fats that they take into their bodies. It is an indicator of the clients quest to live a healthy life. The fats and oils take an important part of the healthy diet, and they play very important roles in the body (National Cattlemen's Beef Association, 2000, p. 2). They are the source of energy on hand, and they are also an essential carrier of nutrients as well as vitamins, such as A, D, E, and K. Carotenoids are also involved with the fats. As much as they are very useful, they have also very serious effects in the body. They are a hazard in the health of the heart and the arteries. This is dependent on what the people eat in their diet. The clients who buy burgers at the McDonalds store have a genuine concern that this can influence their health.. To eat too much fat may turn out to be rather harmful to people's health. Buy custom The McDonald’s Store essay

Free Essays on Compare Two Paintings

. This painting shows realism that Courbet is known for. The paintings that he creates are realistic and have prefect illusion of space and matter. Courbet goes against many painters of his time because of the dangerous views that he takes but he sets a trend for others like Edouard Manet. In the landscape there is nothing except dark woods. But the dark woods are what make the picture so terrific. The landscape is magnificent you can tell that these dogs are at the edge of the woods or in a clearing because behind them you can see the sun setting. The first time I looked at this picture it looked like the sun was setting right in front of me. This is a large picture and at first glance it seems to have some light from the little sun in the picture and the lights shinning on the picture in the museum. But, as I stared deeper into the picture it just kept getting darker and darker and that is where the mood is set. Without the landscape it would be impossible to set the mood because t he lighting in this picture is the most important element. There seems to be great depth in this painting because you can see far into the forest. The way the painting shows the deepness in the forest is by placing the trees behind each other or to the side and they get smaller as they go further... Free Essays on Compare Two Paintings Free Essays on Compare Two Paintings Hunting Dogs by Jean-Dà ©sirà ©-Gustave Courbet is the first painting I looked at and I was created in 1867. The painting is oil on canvas and the size of it is 361/2 x 58  ½ inch. Courbet paints two dogs and a dead hare in the woods. The woods are becoming dark and the sun is setting. The painting is dark and gloomy except for the quarreling dogs that the sun is directly setting on. With fine brushstrokes he sets a depressing mood because of the choice of dark colors. This picture is a very good example of it’s times because many paintings at that time told stories. The stories they told is what many people believed but no one dared to say in paintings or even words. This painting shows realism that Courbet is known for. The paintings that he creates are realistic and have prefect illusion of space and matter. Courbet goes against many painters of his time because of the dangerous views that he takes but he sets a trend for others like Edouard Manet. In the landscape ther e is nothing except dark woods. But the dark woods are what make the picture so terrific. The landscape is magnificent you can tell that these dogs are at the edge of the woods or in a clearing because behind them you can see the sun setting. The first time I looked at this picture it looked like the sun was setting right in front of me. This is a large picture and at first glance it seems to have some light from the little sun in the picture and the lights shinning on the picture in the museum. But, as I stared deeper into the picture it just kept getting darker and darker and that is where the mood is set. Without the landscape it would be impossible to set the mood because the lighting in this picture is the most important element. There seems to be great depth in this painting because you can see far into the forest. The way the painting shows the deepness in the forest is by placing the trees behind each other or to the side and they get smaller as they go further...

United Kingdom and United States Relations

United Kingdom and United States Relations The relationship between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (U.K.) goes back almost two hundred years before the United States declared independence from Great Britain. Although several European powers explored and formed settlements in North America, the British soon controlled the most lucrative seaports on the east coast. These thirteen British colonies were the seedlings of what would become the United States. The English language, legal theory, and lifestyle were the starting point of what became a diverse, multi-ethnic, American culture. Special Relationship The term special relationship is used by Americans and Brits to describe the uniquely close connection between the United States and the United Kingdom. Milestones in the United States-United Kingdom Relationship The United States and the United Kingdom fought each other in the American Revolution and again in the War of 1812. During the Civil War, the British were thought to have sympathies for the South, but this did not lead to a military conflict. In World War I, the U.S. and the U.K. fought together, and in World War II the United States entered the European portion of the conflict to defend the United Kingdom and other European allies. The two countries were also strong allies during the Cold War and the first Gulf War. The United Kingdom was the only top world power to support the United States in the Iraq War. Personalities The American-British relationship has been marked by close friendships and working alliances between top leaders. These include the links between Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin Roosevelt, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan, and Prime Minister Tony Blair and President George Bush. Connections The United States and the United Kingdom share enormous trade and economic relations. Each country is among the others top trading partners. On the diplomatic front, both are among the founders of the United Nations, NATO, World Trade Organization, G-7, and a host of other international bodies. The U.S. and U.K. remain as two of only five members of the United Nations Security Council with permanent seats and veto power over all council actions. As such, the diplomatic, economic, and military bureaucracies of each country are in constant discussion and coordination with their counterparts in the other country.

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Political Science - Essay Example After the Ancient Greeks there was little attempt to how world politics work. The concepts of realism were greatly expanded by Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes to become very influential amongst people that are attempting to understand and evaluate world politics. The main aspects of the realism school are that nation states are the most important components within the contemporary international system, and that the objective of each nation state is to gain the most from that system by making realistic as well as rational foreign policy decisions. Realism stresses that nation states compete with each other to gain the most amount of power through the most effective diplomatic or military means. The nation states that are the best at using diplomacy and the threat of military force are the ones that should gain the most power and wealth from the international system. Neorealism is a theory of world politics that was developed from realism. Neorealism still contends that the nation state is the main basis for the international system. However, unlike realism the concept of Neorealism contends that nation states are influenced and possibly shaped by the international system, rather than just by the relationships between each other. Neorealism owes most of its concepts and also its arguments to the work of Waltz. It was Waltz and others that developed the notion of Neorealism to make up for the events and the organisations that realism either did not explain at all or only partially explained. Neorealism was designed in order to explain the formation of organisations such as the UN, the EU, and GATT in which nation states co-operate with each other, for their mutual benefits, actions that realism had failed to predict and could not adequately explain. Neorealism claims that non-governmental organisations have an influence over the international sys tem that has weakened the primary position of the nation state without displacing that

Law of European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law of European Union - Essay Example Article 59 of the EC Treaty will also apply in this case, since the Government is proposing to restrict the production and distribution of rockets and mandate their sale only through certainly registered outlets. The purpose of allowing free movement of goods as set out in Article 2 of the EC Treaty is to establish a common market. According to Article 14 of the EC Treaty, the â€Å"internal market shall comprise an area without frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services, and capital is ensured in accordance with the principles of this Treaty.† Under this principle, the measures that could be equivalent to measures to impede the free functioning of the common market would include customs duties or discriminatory taxation systems, any quantitative restrictions on imports and exports or measures that are equivalent to the imposing of import and export restrictions. In the light of the above, the measures that are proposed by the UK include restrictions on imports of rockets and therefore constitute trade barriers to the common market. Similarly, the restrictions on purchasing, possessing or supplying rockets could also constitute similar barriers to trade and free movement of goods within the European Union and undermine the Common Market. The meaning of quantitative restrictions on the free movement of goods was defined in the case of Riseria Luigi3 where any measure that amounts to a â€Å"total or partial restraint† on imports or exports would constitute a restriction. On this basis, therefore, the imposition of regulations for rockets as per Section 2 of the proposed statute could in itself be viewed as a partial restriction on imports. Similarly, Section 3 has specifically included restrictions on individuals in importing rockets. One example that may be cited in this context is the case of Commission v Italy4 where a complete ban was mooted on pork products.

Strategic Corporate Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Corporate Finance - Essay Example Quite simply, the investors also have their own set of motivations and would only be willing to invest in a corporation’s equity or debt if it meets with their required rate of return. They may be willing to take a risk in investing in a particular firm if the returns from this are higher than that offered by US Treasury bonds with one year to maturity. Since the rate of return on these bonds are guaranteed by the US Government, they are thought to be a riskless investment, assuming that the US Government will never default on payment of the principal and interest on the due dates. Consequently in financial circles, the market rate on such US bonds is known in common parlance at the ‘risk free rate.’ The investors could put their money into such an investment and rest assured that they would earn this rate of interest without too much worry at all. Therefore in order to induce the investor to invest in the equity or debt of a particular corporation, that firm or b usiness must offer a higher rate of interest. Investors know that they can increase the return on their investment by taking a chance on more risky securities than the US Treasury bonds, but how much risk they are willing to take is an individual decision depending on the company’s past performance, its financial stability and the actions and business acumen of its management. It also depends on the sales of the company’s products and the viability of their future plans. In any event, the investor can pull out his investment by selling the shares or bonds in the open marketplace at the going rate on any business day. In the case of stocks or equity investment, he can stand to gain or lose in respect of capital gains (current price per share versus the price at which he had originally purchased them) and dividends paid out (usually stated on a per share basis as well). In the case of bonds or debt securities, he gets a fixed rate of return called interest and can also e xpect his principal repayment on the date of maturity of such instrument. Usually we find that bonds are being offered at a discount in the debt marketplace which means below their par or face value. In this case the investor also stands to gain because he pays less than the face value for these bonds but can expect their full value to be paid back on the maturity date. Determining the Cost of Equity Capital under Different Theories To summarize, from the foregoing we have seen that the investor has certain requirements which he hopes will be met by investing in more risky securities than US Treasury Bonds or risk free investments. He will most likely make a decision to invest after looking at the company’s financial performance, its history of share prices and dividend payouts in recent years. Much also depends on the sales of the company’s products and the viability of management’s future plans. However from a theoretical standpoint, we have three different th eories that seek to explain the reasoning behind an investment decision. These are (1) the Dividend Growth model; (2) the Capital Asset Pricing Model and (3) the Arbitrage Pricing Theory. Let us now look at each of these in turn. The Dividend Growth

The Role of Retail Industry towards the Economic Advancement of the Essay - 1

The Role of Retail Industry towards the Economic Advancement of the Country - Essay Example The researcher states that very often, the extent to which individual companies can experience growth is very much dependent on the strategic management policies that are used to run these organizations. By strategic management policy, reference is being made to the use of key decision making processes that ensure that the companies come to terms with the selection of best strategies, policies, principles, and action plans that focus directly on their competitive growth. One such industry where the kind of strategic management used is very important in determining the extent of competitiveness is the retail industry. This is because as the days go by, there continue to be more and more new openings within the industry, calling for the need of individual organizations to strategize their ways out to becoming competitive. The selected industry for the study is the retail industry. This is the industry that is responsible for the sale of goods and services directly to the end user, who is the customer. This means that retailers do not go through such production processes as manufacturing and logistics but find a means of directly receiving out to the customer with finished products and services from manufacturers. Retailing has been a core part of the economic composition of the country for several years. This is because, since time immemorial, people have had the need to make purchases of products and services to meet their needs and wants. Very often though, the means of going directly to the manufacturer is not there due to such limitations as transportation and distribution channel. It is in such instances that retailers become very important to the ordinary consumer and the nation at large by meeting the consumer at the point of his or her need. One unique feature of the retail industry is that it is found in almost every corner of the country, and has very limited restrictions in the form of market penetration.

Auscultation and Spirometry Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Auscultation and Spirometry - Lab Report Example Therefore, it is necessary for the lab partner to expel as much air as feasible through this process in order to determine the exact expiratory volume. The tidal volume of an individual is the amount of air that an individual can move in the lungs during the breathing procedure (Marieb & Hoehn, 2010). According to the information, the tidal volume is approximately 500ml. Approximately 340ml reaches the alveoli while the rest of the air remains in the respiratory tract. However, this breathing procedure is heavily affected by factors such as exercise, weather conditions and medical conditions. In addition, there is a residual volume of air that keeps the respiratory system partly filled. COPD is an initial for the term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Marieb & Hoehn, 2010). As previously stipulated, the tidal volume usually represents the volume of gas that is exchanged during every single ventilated breath. However, individuals with COPD are not able to exhale all the air in a single breath. Therefore, the tidal volume in these patients depends on the lung condition of the patient. In normal cases, individuals have a tidal volume of 5 to 8 mL/kg. In a normal individual, approximately 70% of the forced vital capacity is expelled. However, individuals who suffer from COPD produce a less ratio (Marieb & Hoehn, 2010). The severity of the conditions vastly affects the vital capacity of the individual. This asserts that individuals with the COPD condition produce a lower percentage of vital capacity due to complications in the respiratory

What is worth sacrificing for Speech or Presentation

What is worth sacrificing for - Speech or Presentation Example (Mahatma Gandhi Quotes) It is a matter of great commonality to think about what a person should sacrifice and whether or not the same is ever worth it. The question arises when a person must give something or someone up for the greater happiness of someone else even though it might cost a great deal including the happiness of the man willing to give something up for another. Thus, what is worth sacrificing for; is it happiness, morals and ethics, or just about anything else, materialistically speaking, that would make someone else happier than the person giving it up was when he owned it? According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the word sacrifice has been defined as ‘something given up or lost’ or ‘destruction or surrender of something for the sake of something else’. (Sacrifice-Definition) ... in common - the people that formed a part of the minority were forced to sacrifice their freedom and lives for the people who they were forced to be under. However, was the same worth sacrificing for? According to historians and philosophers, it was not, because the sacrifice did not involve a happy ending. The Indians were unhappy because they were being denied the rights to use their own resources and bring about development within their own country; the Vietnamese people were being forced to give up their personal and national identity and adopt the lifestyle of the French despite the kind of difficulty it was proving to be; the Jews did not even have a choice because it was their lives that they were forced to sacrifice during the Holocaust; and the people of Zimbabwe have faced a vast amount of political as well as ethnic challenges. (Magasia, T. Alex) All of these aspects that have been sacrificed during the past by different groups of people go against the quote that Gandhi sa id. According to him, a sacrifice is not worth it if during the course of it, the person giving something of his own up is not happy about it. Thus, this helps to answer the question pertaining to the topic, what exactly is worth sacrificing for. It is now clear, that one should only give something up if he is happy to give it up; if not, then it tends not to be a sacrifice, it ends up being something that has been snatched away for selfish reasons. Keeping this in mind, it is important to note, that in the examples provided earlier, the Indians, Jews, the Vietnamese and the Zimbabweans were ‘forced’ to sacrifice their freedom, lives and daily living. Their happiness was taken away on purpose even though they were not happy about it. But it is a sacrifice, because they wanted to

Auscultation and Spirometry Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Auscultation and Spirometry - Lab Report Example Therefore, it is necessary for the lab partner to expel as much air as feasible through this process in order to determine the exact expiratory volume. The tidal volume of an individual is the amount of air that an individual can move in the lungs during the breathing procedure (Marieb & Hoehn, 2010). According to the information, the tidal volume is approximately 500ml. Approximately 340ml reaches the alveoli while the rest of the air remains in the respiratory tract. However, this breathing procedure is heavily affected by factors such as exercise, weather conditions and medical conditions. In addition, there is a residual volume of air that keeps the respiratory system partly filled. COPD is an initial for the term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Marieb & Hoehn, 2010). As previously stipulated, the tidal volume usually represents the volume of gas that is exchanged during every single ventilated breath. However, individuals with COPD are not able to exhale all the air in a single breath. Therefore, the tidal volume in these patients depends on the lung condition of the patient. In normal cases, individuals have a tidal volume of 5 to 8 mL/kg. In a normal individual, approximately 70% of the forced vital capacity is expelled. However, individuals who suffer from COPD produce a less ratio (Marieb & Hoehn, 2010). The severity of the conditions vastly affects the vital capacity of the individual. This asserts that individuals with the COPD condition produce a lower percentage of vital capacity due to complications in the respiratory

Wake Up America! Essay Example for Free

Wake Up America! Essay Nowadays the issue of food is very important in American society as many people suffer from obesity, whereas others suffer from stomach pains and indigestion problems. Therefore, Americans should pay more attention to their everyday meals. As it is claimed, â€Å"the destiny of nations depends on the manner in which they are fed†. So, the popularity of slow food is increasing among nation because fast-food meals make people sick and, consequently, national character is changing as well. Eating shouldn’t be simply fueling up; moreover, it shouldn’t be done quickly and anonymously. People should refuse from French fries, fried beef and, certainly, Coke as all these products are health killers. Our food decisions influence us personally and even globally. Fast-food affects the country not only environmentally, but also politically and culturally. Eating health food shouldn’t be only elitist preoccupation; the government should pay more attention to make health food affordable for all people. (Walker 2006) It is interesting to note that even Presidents don’t pay attention to the food they are eating. The picture of Dixon when he pours ketchup on his cottage cheese is terrifying. In his turn, Bill Clinton instead of paying attention to doctor’s advises, neglects them and eats Big Macs. Our Presidents should be our example and they should be the first to promote health slow food. Maybe, we still lack awareness of the inevitable consequences of eating fast foods. (Trillin 2006) Meanwhile, there are people who suffer from hunger, while we are talking about fast food and slow food. They don’t have such choice as they can’t afford to but food, though they are provided with right to eat and to live. Brazil government feels responsibilities for these people and they have declared the health food course.America should do the same to improve the overall health situation in the country. (Lappe 2006) References Lappe, France Moore. (2006, August 24). A Right to Food? Retrieved October 29, 2007, from http://www. thenation. com/doc/20060911/fmlappe Trillin, Calvin. (2006, August 24). Presidential Eating Preferences. Retrieved October 29, 2007, from http://www. thenation. com/docprem. mhtml? i=20060911s=trillin Walker, Alice. (2006, August 24). Slow Food Nation. Retrieved October 29, 2007, from http://www. thenation. com/doc/20060911/waters

Starbucks against Vietnamese coffee culture

Starbucks against Vietnamese coffee culture Starbucks brand name is one of most admired famous global business in the world (Moore, 2006, p.7). Moreover, in terms of marketing, Starbucks always is the case study for discussing about it successful marketing and branding strategies. Because of the fall of the economy, it was forced to close 700 stores that were unable to make enough profit and cut thousands of jobs in America, UK, and Australia after a drop in sales in 2008. The brand was also facing the issue of their customers choosing a cheaper option over their higher coffee prices. Starbucks then was applauded for their handling of crisis situations. This report will apply relevant theory and practice of strategic marketing management to explore the situation, contributing factors and management of marketing strategies in the financial crisis sector, reflecting the happenings and identifying recommendations relevant to Starbucks International Coffee. OVERVIEW OF STARBUCKS COFFEE The Seattle-based Starbucks Corporation, which founded in 1971, is nowadays a multinational coffee and coffee house chain with over 15,000 stores in in all 50 states and 43 countries outside of the United States (Pham, 2008, p.8). Serving consumers everywhere (Moore, 2006, p.12.), the aim of Starbucks is to establish and leverage its powerhouse premium specialty coffee through rapid expansion of retail operations, new distribution channels and successful make it coffee a global product for millions customers. Appendix 1 At Starbucks Coffee, the mission is [] to inspire and nurture the human spirit one person, one cup, and one neighbourhood at a time. (Clampitt, 2009). Starbucks has been and always be proud of their commitment to maintaining quality, integrity, and great taste of coffee through the course of its growth and the high value placed on the employees/partners worldwide (LeFort, 2008) . Appendix 2,3 Store Expansion Strategy of Starbucks Throughout the 1990s, Starbucks had started developed a three-year geographic expansion strategy (Clampitt, 2009) then Starbucks store launches grew more successful in revenue (Creamer, 2007). Not just selling the coffee, Starbucks model with opening new stores next to doors and inside shopping malls caused them to increase in value than all other competitors (Cebrzynski, 2007) In 2004, Starbucks announced to analysts that it had a very aggressive target to double its rate of expansion. Their stated goal was to grow to 15,000 stores in the US. According to the report in an article, Starbucks has more than 13,000 locations around the world, and has overstretched itself with the long-term goal of 40,000 stores worldwide (Woodward, 2007, Clark, 2008). Appendix 4, 5, 6 There is a raised question that whether it is a bad business decision for coffee chain Starbucks to expand its brand too quick. (Cebrzynski, 2007) is also suspicious that has Starbucks lost its Starbucks experience by growing that big? (Business: Trouble brewing, 2007) FINANCIAL CRISIS AND COMMODITIZATION OF THE BRAND A crisis, according to (Brown, 2003) is a decisive moment, a turning point, a time of great difficulty, then marketing cannot possibly be in crisis. Mr Schultz, Starbuckss CEO, saw the crisis coming. He had discovered the problem of their own development strategies: Stores no longer have the experienced soul with the warm feeling of a neighbourhood store. At the beginning of 2007, he did warned about the commoditisation of the brand that the expansion from 1,000 to more than 13,000 shops over the past ten years, in order to achieve the growth, development, has led to a series of decisions that make a watering down of the Starbucks experience. (Businessweek. 2007). The decline of Starbucks is the result of over expanding previous years, has been criticized by those who oppose globalization such as ( Klein, 2009): Instead of opening giant stores on the outskirts of town, Starbucks chooses locations right in the range of the inner area already full with all kinds of coffee house. This s trategy relies heavily on the cost reduction by purchasing multiple quantities at wholesale prices like Wal-Mar, however, affected more by the competitors The rapid growth has obviously caused Starbucks some problems. For the first time in its 37-year- history Starbucks lost customers and profits collapsed 97% (Jagger, 2008) during the fourth quarter of 2007 after the ubiquitous coffee chain was forced to absorb the effect of weakening demand. The footfall had declined in the UK, where it has two other big coffee retailer: Whitbreads Costa and Caffà ¨ Nero as well, -$6.7 million after tax, compared with a $158 million profit for the same quarter last year. (Lee, 2008). Although company officials still do not believe growth is an issue (Cebrzynski, 2007), first time in five years, Starbucks was knocked out of first place in the coffee-and-doughnuts category by Dunkin Donuts (Creamer, 2007). And it was the biggest faller in the index by 7 points to 42 out of a possible 100. (Leroux, 2008) Issue Reasons As (Schindehutte et al., 2008) argues that [] something is clearly affecting the ability of firms and business units to sustain performance ), suffering from a rough economy and its own strategic missteps, Starbucks had to admit their own mistakes, much of which is self-inflicted (Ignatius, 2010) In current economy, as a classic dilemma of any big business, while trying to expand, Starbucks not only have to deal with other factors like competitors and the mortgage crisis, they also competing with themselves. Size may have brought success to Starbucks, but it has also led to issues of brand depersonalisation. In the rush to open more stores, Starbucks is experiencing what all successful brands do when they move from being a small, niche firm to a global entity (Golding,2009). Moreover, there are some extra affections from the environment, such as: The brands bottom line has been hit by the rising costs of raw materials. [] now Starbucks isnt for some people said Howard Schultz, CEO of Starbucks (Not enough froth Starbucks, 2008). Fancy Starbucks coffee has also struggled to compete with cut-price rivals such as McDonalds and Dunkin Donuts, as these traditionally food-focused outlets have begun to sell their own premium and reasonable coffee offer (Clark, 2008). As the financial crisis has spread to the real economy, a perfect storm of negative factors affecting the consumer (Cebrzynski, 2007). The flagging economy and soaring gas prices are responsible too (Leroux, 2008). Consumers are worried of rising gas prices, energy bills, declining home values, the weak dollar, tighter credit, therefore giving hard consideration to how they spend their money. They even already scale back on restaurant dining that made restaurants are slowly creeping out of their thoughts. STRATEGIC MARKETING MANAGEMENT TO SOLVE PROBLEMS Crisis management is much more than coping with a crisis, it is identifying, studying, forecasting, stopping and avoiding crisis as well. (Clampitt, 2009) Continuous improvement and monitoring in business operation can detect and prevent an upcoming crisis (Rhee Valdez, 2009). Effective marketing can contribute to a firms growth through better anticipation of market opportunities, calibration of risks, a tighter linkage of technological possibilities with market concepts, and faster adjustment to shifting market needs and competitive moves. (Day, 2003) For their part, market-driving firms such as Starbucks is demonstrating how business model innovation results in sustainable advantage and superior long-term performance in a wide range of industries. (Schindehutte et al., 2008). When a crisis or disaster strikes, companies must analyze and choose from many strategic plans. One way they do this is by using a SWOT analysis a strategic planning tool used to evaluate Strengths, Weakness es, Opportunities, and Threats. The goal of a SWOT analysis is to identify key internal and external factors that affect the desired outcome. Strengths and weaknesses are internal to the company and include things like wage/benefits, corporate culture, leadership, marketing, and operations. Opportunities and threats are external to the company and include things like government regulations, competition, and economic and social forces. (Clampitt, 2009) The focus for the strategic management to understand the market and industry processes of Starbucks and must be able to integrate valid and reliable SWOT analysis so as to determine future strategies for business development and growth in the global market. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis will provide enough awareness for the Starbucks and its business management and operations with regards to their strategic management implying relevant points for their resources as well as market approaches and processes in order to stay in shape and in control of their business environment. Applying a SWOT analysis to Starbucks global expansion strategy shows why they have been successful overcome the crisis. Appendix 7 The business strategy of Starbucks is identical to the corporate level strategy, focusing on coffee-related products as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world and maintenance of great environment for every staff member in its retail stores. Continual quality improvement is crucial to competitive success and the perfect symbol for the dilemma that faces world trade (Schindehutte et al., 2008). Therefore, it is typical to give the promises to improve service, reduce growth and expand marketing efforts for responding to a decline in customer traffic (Business: Trouble Brewing, 2007). Equally as important, company should not lose sight of their brand heritage (Cebrzynski, 2007). A long term business strategy built upon the hundreds of little things on a daily basis which is the key to customer relationships in the future (Cannon, 2002). Re-energizing Starbucks Process When a decline in customer traffic happens to any chains like Starbucks, its a signal that the company should re-examine their positions (Cebrzynski, 2007). It is the market that provides signals both to the entrepreneur and marketer regarding what value is needed, when it is needed, and how it should be delivered (Schindehutte et al., 2008). Starbucks needs to go back to its roots (Cebrzynski, 2007) and make its brand special again. Company brought back the original CEO, Howard Schultz to restore the companys shine. Starbucks knows it needs to do something new (Skenazy, 2008). Re-structure: Back to basics Chairman Howard Schultz take back the reins from ousted CEO James Donald, not only closed 100 unspecified, underperforming locations with weak sales but also closed most stores across the US simultaneously in order to retrain to improve customer experience at American stores and to get back to the core (Creamer, 2007). Besides, Geoff Vuleta, CEO of New York innovation consultancy Fahrenheit 212, had a radical solution that open a chain of microstores devoted solely to making coffee. No travel cups, no music, no machines, just amazing beans and a narrow range of the best-in-the-world coffee drinks,, just moving brand back to the basics. Resource-led Strategy: Focus on service quality experience Everyone should know that nothing is better for a business than a satisfied customer who can talk to others about their experience with our service (Cannon, 2002). First of all, Starbucks really needs to refocus on the luxury coffee experience; the smells, the sounds. They also gained customers positive experience in stores by well-trained staffs who were knowledgeable about the companys products, who eagerly communicated the companys passion for coffee, and who had the skills and personality to deliver consistently pleasing customer service (Whats Brewing at Starbucks, 2011). Starbucks wanted to turn all Starbucks employees into partners, give them a chance to share in the success of the company and make clear the connection between their contributions and the companys market value (Thompson Strickland, 2009). From its founding, Starbucks set out to be a third place to spend time, in addition to home and work.(Business: Trouble Brewing, 2007) To remedy that, the company plans to improve its service. Field managers will spend more time in the stores to make sure service really does get better, and new baristas will receive additional training. (Cebrzynski, 2007). New breakfast line, featuring a proprietary baked and chilled food program was unveiled in September. Howard Schultz said the smell of the sandwiches overpowered the aroma of coffee, one of the chains signature features (Jennings, 2008). Following the lead of other coffee chains, Starbucks will also be offering a customer loyalty card for the first time. (Ahmed Walsh, 2008) In an attempt to rvetain loyalty in the UK, Starbucks has introduced free coffee refills for anyone buying a hot drink and has ramped up its hitherto negligible marketing activity (Lee, 2008).  · Market-led Strategy: Reputation management can take a while for a bad reputation to hit your bottom line, or a good one to increase profit (Cannon, 2002). As word-of-mouth is a primary marketing tool, Brian Collins, chief creative officer of New Yorks Collins design research firm, suggested company should better use its digital resources to learn the tastes of regular customers and reach target audience by creating social networking tools like Facebook or Twitter and blog page. They also used it both as a way to stay interacted, involved with their current customers and look for new ones. According to TNS Media Intelligence, Starbucks spent $40 million in the first nine months of 2007 (York, 2008), launched its first national TV campaign to defend its ownership of the coffee segment from encroachment by McDonalds, Dunkin Donuts and other chains (Cebrzynski, 2007). They also created the site My Starbucks Idea (http://mystarbucksidea.force.com/), which gives consumers the opportunity to post ideas, suggestions, to vote and discuss about what they want to see from Starbucks. If they gain support, these ideas may be chosen to carry out to change the company in its business process, product development, experience development, and store design.(Jarvis 2008) Change will not happen overnight, Mr. Schultz said. It will evolve over time, but I ensure you a positive change will occur. I, along with our dedicated partners, will strive to exceed the expectations of our customers every day. (York 2008) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE STRATEGY As the company expands, the culture and corporate strategy must be maintained for success (Jennings, 2008). For the recommendation, Starbucks should be able to sustain the companys growth and make the business become strong global brand. What could Starbucks do to make its stores an even more elegant milieu that welcomes rewards and give surprises to customers? What new products and new experiences could the company provide that would belong to and be associated with Starbucks? And how could Starbucks reach people who were not coffee drinkers? Starbucks must continue the fixed-price purchase commitments in order to secure an adequate supply of quality green coffee beans and to limit its exposure to fluctuating coffee prices in upcoming periods. (ThompsonStickland, 2009) Some experts therefore believe its unbranded stores initiative is not only logical, but necessary. It needs to focus on the inherent values of being local; it needs to employ local staff; it needs to be suitably different from Starbucks corporate image.It is a phenomenally successful company that started off as a local brand but grew incredibly quickly, he says. The brand was originally loved and respected by everyone, but the corporate world decided it had become too big. However, David Anderson, director of Cada Design Group, argues that most consumers dont have issues with the brand. Consumers are looking for a home away from home, and want it in an environment that isnt so heavily corporate branded. They think customers are brand loyal or product loyal, but they are not. It comes down to convenience and providing a space people want to be in. It wants to regain a community personality and the image of the neighbourhood coffee shop.(Golding, 2009) CONCLUSION Starbucks Coffees heyday was back when the corporation announced the business results in the first quarter this year reached U.S. $ 2.7 billion, with net profit of 242 million dollars (nearly 300% increase compared to same period in 2009). This is also the result of efforts to revive the brand had been likened to a giant. From the case of Starbucks, what is the lesson for business? Because development needs, the business diversified products and services is perhaps natural. A long time, Starbucks has gone with their own race shop system extension. This group has become the pride of American business people. The market strategy of Starbucks is a classic lesson in the textbook business. More services they desire to acquire a lot of customers. In fact, they have plummeted, but in time to edit. So go in-depth development (product quality, service key) to get a solid foundation for expanding business. But do not be too ambitious expansion width, expansion, missing the core. Marketing once again demonstrated its magic to bring Starbucks back to the track. The results of consumer research shows that of Starbucks, the main indicators in the business achieved a high level of satisfaction over a year ago. Although Starbucks enjoyed success in the past few years, there are a few obstacles looming. Since the popularity of the coffee house idea has grown, some cities wish to issue regulations on the coffeehouses due to complaints of late night patrons becoming uncontrollable. In conclusion therefore, Starbucks was the only company with anything close to national market coverage. The companys efforts to greatly increase its sphere of strategic interest via its joint ventures and the move to sell coffee in supermarkets that represents such ongoing drive in order to continually reinvent the way Starbucks operate its business. (Thompson Stickland, 2009) Amidst the environmental, social, and economic challenges and changes for Starbucks, its chairman, president, and chief executive officer, Howard Schultz, pledges Even during this time of change for our company, one thing that will never change is our long-standing commitment to conducting business in a responsible and ethical manner. Going forward, we will only deepen our approach by continuing to integrate social and environmental responsibility in every aspect of our business. With its various and numerous awards in Best Business, Most Admired Company, 100 Best Corporate Citizens, to name a few, Starbucks is becoming one of the most respected brands in the world. (Clampitt, 2009)

Teaching Philosophy :: Education Teachers Reflective Writing Essays

Teaching Philosophy Teaching is a profession that can only be defined by those who are in it, and no two teachers will ever give the same answer. Over the past few weeks I feel that my philosophy on teaching has changed drastically. Students look up to their teachers, they look to learn and to have a companion. The students have a thirst for knowledge. I always thought that students would dread coming to math, but many look forward to it. For me, math has always been a strong point and a subject that I have enjoyed and I look forward to being able to share my love with my students. My goal is to be successful. Successful to me means to be able to change the life of at least one student. To be an inspiration to those that I teach. To share a love for a subject that most students hate. To touch at least one student’s life and know I made a difference. I want to be one of those teachers that students are excited that they have. I want to make math fun and have a good time doing it. My goal is to be the teachers that I admire. To be able to become the teachers that I have admired there are several ways to go about it. Cooperative learning strategies are a huge help in having the students learn mathematics. There are many different methods that will assist in the education of the students. Of all of the different strategies, the ones that I have found to be the most useful are random reporting and the roundtable. These methods have all students participating equally and not able to â€Å"slack off† when working in a group. All students must be ready to answer and pay attention fully in order to be successful in the lesson. There are certain ways of going about teaching math that will make it interesting for students. Finding a way to grasp a student’s attention and relate the subject matter to their lives would make the class more enjoyable. This leads into my belief of what a good teacher is.

Essay --

Some resources needed to become a record label owner consist of, a â€Å"go to guy or girl† for graphic design, merchandise printers, a talent manager. Some common sense things that would professional in this career might be: moderate typing skills and a lot of patience. A great way to catch people’s attention is a logo. A professional looking logo is always worth how ever much it is priced or quoted by the graphic designer you choose to use. There are many so don’t think your choices are limited. I personally know 10 off the top of my head, including myself. But for the best work, it’s sometimes better to have someone else do your graphic design work, as it’s not burdening you on your other jobs you need to look into for your label. Usually graphic designers are common with mostly all of the social media sites out there. The main sites that I’ve seen graphic designers on, include: Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Instagram, and usually their own site recommended by someone on any of the above social media sites. That guy would most likely be doing all of your merchandise for your label, or bands as well. Merchandise (aka. merch) printer/distributors’, is a great thing to have when you’re a record label owner. Especially if your designer does a great job that wants people to spend their money on your merch. A great thing to look for in a merch printer/distributor, is by looking into their previous customers. Seeing if they had any problems, or any setbacks, or just problems with being unprepared. Finding someone who already has a flat rate is great because their flat rate can give you the number you’re looking for when saving your money or purchasing your printed merch. Being able to tell a good band apart from a mediocre, not really... ...ught as a threat. Other labels don’t really enjoy competition, especially when your label takes a band that they wanted to sign to their label. Another great way to get attention is promotional pages on Facebook, Twitter, and other sites that have a smaller fan base, but want attention to their small time bands. When using promotional pages you always try to get â€Å"Likes† on your Facebook, because usually that’s one of the first thing a band looks for when looking for a label. Then it’s professional qualities. Activity on the page, maturity, and so on. Say for example, my label partner and I have discussed that no other label this close to their inception looks this professional AND can provide what we can for our bands. That includes discounted designs, music videos, lyric videos (typography videos), promotion, and many more things â€Å"Afflicted Records† can provide.